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MIF (Noise Budget)
takahiro.yamamoto - 22:48 Saturday 07 December 2024 (31941) Print this report
DAC noise projection with measured data on standalone

Abstract

I evaluated the DAC, AI and HPCD noise in the unit of DARM displacement with the measured data in standalone.
Though frequency dependent artifact is probably different between the DAC on the standalone and one in the mine, it should be enough to estimate the floor level.
This projection just only the direct coupling from output noise to the length motion.
Output noise can excite also Pit/Yaw motions and they can enhance DARM noise via P2L/Y2L coupling.
So same evaluation should be done for other DoF to L.
 

Details

Noise data
DAC+AI noise used in this projection was measured in klog#31763. It's shown as Magenta curve in Fig. 1 which is a repost from klog#31763. DAC noise without de-whitening filters can be measured with whitening filter with 36dB gain. So it was measured by connecting AI output to the whitening filter. Raw measured data was saved in the unit of ADC counts. A conversion factor of counts to voltage at the differential output of AI is ~9.67e-06 = 1/1638.4 (ADC) * -36dB (whitening gain)

HPCD noise used in this projection was measured in klog#31922 with various de-whitening configuration as shown in Fig.2 which is a repost from klog#31922. Because output noise of HPCD with more than one stage of de-whitening was difficult to measure by using the whitening filter, it was measured by using SR560. In this measurement, input port of HPCD was shorten with 0Ohm. A conversion factor of ADC count for raw measured data to voltage at the differential output of HPCD is ~1.53e-07 = 1/1638.4 (ADC) * 1/2000 (SR560 gain) * 0.5 (single to differential).

These two measurements were saved as /users/Commissioning/data/NoiseBudget/Spectra/2024/1207/dac_noise_with_whitening_on_stda_241125.xml and /users/Commissioning/data/NoiseBudget/Spectra/2024/1207/dac_noise_with_sr560_on_stda_241205.xml

Sum of noise in volt
As noted in klog#31771, the output noise of the HPCD varies with the configuration of the de-whitening filters. So the noise measured with enabling de-whitening, respectively, was used for the projection. On the other hand, DAC+AI noise which was input signal of HPCD was assumed to be suppressed by the design response (1, 2, or 3 stages of z10:p1) of de-whitening filter. Assuming DAC+AI noise and HPCD noise were independent each other, total noise was calculated as the quadratic sum of these two noise. These noise which is output equivalent noise of HPCD in the unit of V are shown in 4 small panels in Fig.3. DAC+AI noise is dominant when de-whitening filter is not engaged. On the other hand, HPCD noise is dominant when more than 2 stages of de-whitening filters are engaged. In the case of engaging 1 de-whitening filter, DAC+AI noise and HPCD noise are similar level.

Quadratic sum of noise computed above is one per 1 coil-magnet actuator. TML and IML/MNL are actuated by 4 and 2 coils, respectively. Assuming output noise of each coil is independent each other, total noise of multiple coils is sqrt(4) times for TML and sqrt(2) times for IML/MNL larger than noise on 1 coil-magnet actuator.

Projection to displacement
Conversion factors of voltage to meter were referred from the parameter of front-end calibration. Actual values for TM, IM, and MN are 3.129e-14m/ct@10Hz, 1.413e-14m/ct@10Hz, and 5.733e-15m/ct@10Hz, respectively. These values are the ones for ETMX and in this projection, it's assumed that all 4 type-A are same efficiency. According to the past CAL measurement such as klog#30899, there is an individual difference as 10-20%. So taking this difference into account makes more precise estimation.

DAC, AI, and HPCD noise contribution to DARM length is coming from all 4 TypeA suspensions. So we need to compute a quadratic sum of the contribution from 4 suspensions. It's correspond to the noise level sqrt(4) times larger than noise level from 1 suspension if de-whitening configuration is same in all 4 suspensions. Because de-whitening configuration is different between suspensions in the observing mode, I computed the total noise as a quadratic sum of 4 suspensions.

Finally, we obtained total output noise projection as shown in large panel in Fig.3. Red curve represents the DARM sensitivity in observing mode at the mid-night on 12/3. Blue, green, brown, and magenta curve represent DAC noise contribution only via TM stage of 4 suspensions without de-whitening, with 1 de-whitening, with 2 de-whitening, and with 3 de-whitening. In these plots, de-whitening configuration is same for all 4 suspensions. According to these plots DAC noise without de-whitening contaminates DARM sensitivity. Because of HPCD noise, engaging 3 stages of de-whitening doesn't make a improvement from the case of engaging 2 stages.

Cyan curve represents the total output noise contribution via all TM, IM and MN stages with a same configuration as observing mode. As shown in Fig.4, 1 stage of de-whitening was engaged on TM for all 4 suspensions in observing mode. For IM, 1 and 3 stages of de-whitening were engaged on ETMs and IMTs, respectively. For MN, 1 and 2 stages of de-whitening were engaged on ETMX and others, respectively. Contribution from IM and MN seems to be negligible above 10Hz because cyan curve closes to green curve which is DAC+AI+HPCD noise via TM.

Estimated output noise is only 8-10 times smaller than the sensitivity around 100Hz. So contribution of this noise may not be negligible for target sensitivity. If 2 stages of de-whitening can be engaged for 4 TMs, output noise contribution can be mitigated as a factor of 0.5. I'm not sure this mitigation is enough for target sensitivity. We may need a low power coil driver in the very near future.

Note that this projection doesn't take into account the Pit/Yaw motions excited by output noise and their effects via P2L and Y2L coupling. So this estimation is still lower limit.

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Comments to this report:
takahiro.yamamoto - 20:25 Sunday 08 December 2024 (31943) Print this report

More detailed discussion about improvement of the coilout noise is in DAC wiki.

Though we don't need drastic (e.g. 10 times) improvement of the coilout noise, improvement as a factor of 2 might become important for our situation.

takahiro.yamamoto - 21:48 Wednesday 11 December 2024 (31976) Print this report

Ushiba-kun pointed out that DAC noise projection was slightly smaller than the real sensitivity in the case of disengaging the de-whitening filters.
So I compared with the sensitivity in klog#31708, klog#31710, klog#31712, and klog#31716 which are the cases of disengaging de-whitening filters for TM of ITMX, ITMY, ETMX, and ETMY as shown in Fig.1.
My estimation is the case of disengaging TM de-whitening for all 4 Type-As, so it must be larger than the cases of disengaging de-whitening filter for only one Type-A suspension.

In my estimation, actuator efficiency was regarded as one super-actuator in stead of each coil which was same manner as the front-end calibration. This means actuator efficiency was applied for a quadratic sum of output noise of HPCD. For estimating the projection from SUMOUT_L to displacement, it's reasonable way. On the other hand, DAC noise and HPCD noise is injected from each coil path where ACTALIGN matrix and coil balancing gain don't work. We noticed this fact and concluded that we need to estimate the DAC noise contribution by estimating SUMOUT equivalent value once and then we can compute the displacement equivalent value. In other words, we need to inverse matrix of EUL2COIL and ACTALIGN. Of course, another way is measuring the transfer function from COILDRV_VMON to displacement which was resumed in recent model update (klog#31857).

I re-estimated the DAC noise contribution and showed it as a black curve in Fig.2. Because it's a projection for the case of disengaging de-whitening filters for all 4 test masses, it must be larger than one in the case of disengaging de-whitening only for one test mass. But it still same level. So it still remains a mystery of a factor of 2. Anyway, DAC noise contribution seems to be larger than one estimated in the previous post. So it might be more serious for the target sensitivity at that time. So we may need a validation not only for my calculation but also for the measured data.

By the way, some tests of disengaging de-whitening filters were done just after the lock and this situation was kept only a few minutes as shown in Fig.3. LSC_LOCK went to OBSERVING around t=-3 (middle panel) and de-whitening was engaged around t=0 (bottom panel). So it's difficult to ensure that IFO was enough calmed down or not.

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takahiro.yamamoto - 16:09 Wednesday 25 December 2024 (32123) Print this report

Though I evaluated the relation between the sensitivity and DAC+HPCD noise with the DARM spectrum with disabling de-whitening filters measured in klog#31708, klog#31710, klog#31712, and klog#31716 in the previous work,
there was some concern about the reliability of data because the de-whitening filter was disengaged only during a few minutes just after the IFO lock.
So I re-evaluated the relation between the sensitivity and DAC+HPCD noise with measured data in klog#31519 which was longer duration data.
Though a result that projection is smaller than measured data isn't solved yet, we should start to consider about preparation of more weak actuators including a use of LPCD even for the most optimistic case.

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Gray curve in Fig.1 represents the DARM sensitivity with de-whitening filters as a reference. Lightgreen, cyan, green, and blue curves represent a DARM noise without de-whitening on ETMX, ETMY, ITMX, and ITMY, respectively. A noise excess as a factor of 3-5 appeared by disengaging de-whitening filters. Black curve (shown only 55-105Hz) represents a quadratic sum of lightgreen, cyan, green, and blue curves which can be roughly regarded as a DAC noise contribution in the case of disengaging de-whitening filter on all 4 Type-A suspensions. Note that because noise excess by DAC is only a factor of 3-5, contribution from another noise such as thermal noise is double-counted in the black curve and it seems to induce an overestimate as 10-15%. Red curve represents the DAC noise projection in the case of disengaging de-whitening filters for all 4 Type-A suspensions. Magenta curve is 1.8 times larger than the red curve, where a factor of 1.8 is eye-fit to adjust to the black curve.

Though I haven't identified the reason of 1.8 times mismatch between the red curve and black curve, we can assume some cases. The most pessimistic case is that using the transfer function from SUMOUT_L to displacement for DAC noise which are injected from each coil paths is improper. In this case, all noise projections (with and without de-whitening) are underestimated as a factor of 1.8. The most optimistic case is that DAC noise or input noise of HPCD installed in mine is larger than one in the circuit room e.g. due to the electrical environment. In this case, DAC noise projection is underestimated as a factor of 1.8 but HPCD noise projections with engaging 2 or 3 stages of de-whitening filters are correct.

Figure 2 shows the DAC+HPCD noise projection in the most pessimistic and optimistic cases. Gray and black curve represent current sensitivity and sensitivity 0.25 times smaller than current one. In the most pessimistic case, engaging 1 or 2 stages of de-whitening filter (cyan or lightgreen curve) is not enough for achieving the black curve. DAC noise contribution with engaging 1 stage of de-whitening (cyan curve) is not negligible even for current sensitivity (gray curve). Estimated contribution of cyan curve to gray curve is ~15%. In the most optimistic case, engaging 1 stage of de-whitening filter is not enough for achieving the black curve and it's not negligible even for current sensitivity. Though the DAC noise contribution with 2 stages of de-whitening filter (green curve) can be negligible for current sensitivity, it's not negligible for achieving the black curve. Estimated contribution from green curve to black curve is ~25%.

As I already reported such as klog#31941, engaging 3 stages of de-whitening filters doesn't make a improvement on the sensitivity from the case of engaging 2 stages because output noise of coil driver becomes a limitation in this case (see also Fig.3, there is no improvement between green and purple curves representing 2 and 3 DWs, respectively). So this is not a effective way to escape from DAC+HPCD noise. Though we need to more investigation for the mismatch as a factor of 1.8 from the view point of making noise budget, we should start to consider a use of LPCD or a preparation of more weak actuators from the view point of improving the sensitivity.

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takahiro.yamamoto - 22:16 Wednesday 25 December 2024 (32132) Print this report
It was discovered that the coil driver for ETMY was still the modified version for O3GK in klog#32129
(We surely remembered this fact until before the earthquake and planned to replace it but...)

Details of the modification is available in Shimode-san's memo (in Japanese). The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages are set as z1:p10, z1.5:p30, and z10:p100, respectively. Because of the modification of the real-time model for reducing thermal noise of HPCD (see also klog#31874), the 3rd one is engaged first.

DAC noise projection with taking into account this fact is shown in the attachment. This plot is made with the assumption of the most pessimistic case in the previous post. Notation of gray, black, magenta, cyan, and lightgreen curves are same as Fig.2 in klog#32123. Darkblue and darkgreen curves represent DAC noise projections with engaging 1 and 2 stages of de-whitening filters taking into account the modification for ETMY HPCD. Though replacing nominal HPCD is not enough for achieving the target sensitivity, DAC noise contribution becomes slightly large by this modification in the case of engaging only 1 stage of de-whitening. In the case of engaging two stages of de-whitening, we cannot large change between nominal HPCD and modified one. This should be because the noise level is limited by the output noise of HPCD, not DAC.

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Rough check:
When we use nominal HPCD for all 4 suspensions DAC noise is suppressed by 1 stage of de-whitening as a factor of ~0.14@10Hz (=sqrt(4 * (-17dB)^2) / sqrt(4)) and ~0.1@100Hz. On the other hand, one modified HPCD is mixed DAC noise is suppressed as a factor of ~0.44@10Hz (=sqrt(3 * (-17dB)^2 + (-3dB)^2) / sqrt(4)) and ~0.11@100Hz (=sqrt(3 * (-20dB)^2 + (-17dB)^2) / sqrt(4)). According to these estimations, DAC noise suppression from magenta curve to cyan curve (only nominal HPCD) and darkblue curve (mixing 1 modified HPCD) seems to be reasonable.
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