I confirmed that the cause of the lock loss was the instability of the CARM loop.
The CARM loop has very sharp peaks and deep notches around 25 kHz; even a small increase in gain causes oscillation.
So, I checked the structure of the CARM OLTF between 10 kHz and 100 kHz.
Figures 1 through 5 show the OLTF measurements of the CARM with a single X-arm lock at 25 kHz, 50 kHz, 74 kHz, 76 kHz, and 100 kHz, respectively.
When the CARM UGF is around 10 kHz (the configuration of a single-arm lock), the peak at 24 kHz in Fig. 1 is very close to 0 dB.
So, even a small increase in optical gain, caused by increasing laser power, can lead to oscillation.
This would be the main cause of instability when increasing laser power with a single-arm lock.
If the CARM UGF is above 50 kHz, as it is when the laser power is increased, the 50 kHz notch can introduce instability to the CARM loop.
This might be the reason for instability when increasing the laser power with PRFPMI.
I'm not sure where these peaks and notches come from, but one possibility is the PZT of the new seed laser.
So, It would be helpful to check the resonance of the new seed laser.
Note:
These peaks and notches cannot be seen well if we measured the broad frequency band, such as from 1kHz to 100kHz, because data point is not dense enough.
So, we need to reduce the measurement band for checking these peaks and notches.